Al-Jamal, Ola, et al. Science of the Total Environment 741 (2020): 140450.
Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine (SAPDMA) is a commonly used cationic surfactant in cosmetic and conditioning agents as well as various industrial applications like corrosion inhibitors. The ecotoxicological information available for this widely used compound is rather limited. This study utilized the zebrafish embryo model to evaluate the adverse effects of SAPDMA on aquatic organisms.
Methodology: Zebrafish embryos were exposed to different concentrations of SAPDMA to determine a variety of toxicological end points, including mortality/survival (LC50), teratogenicity (NOEC), organ specific toxicity (cardiotoxicity, neurotoxicity), hematopoietic toxicity (hemoglobin using o-dianisidine staining), hepatotoxicity (ORO staining for liver steatosis and yolk retention), mitochondrial membrane potential.
Key Findings:
· The LC50 for SAPDMA was calculated as 2.3 mg/L, classifying it as "moderately toxic".
· The NOEC for general developmental parameters-including body length, yolk sac size, eye size, and spinal formation-was 0.1 mg/L.
· At the NOEC (0.1 mg/L), no significant organ-specific toxicity was observed except for hepatomegaly without functional impairment.
· At higher concentrations (0.8 mg/L), SAPDMA induced severe developmental defects in the eyes, heart, and liver.