Hernández, Maria Florencia, et al. Journal of Thermal Analysis & Calorimetry 139.3 (2020).
Boric acid (H3BO3) acts as an efficient flux agent in clay-based ceramics, reducing sintering temperature, promoting glass phase formation, and improving densification via thermal decomposition to B2O3.
Experimental Protocol: Kaolinitic clay was dry-milled with 1–5 wt% H3BO3, pressed into disks (100 MPa), and sintered at 1100–1300℃ (5℃/min, 60 min soak). Characterizations included TG-DTA, XRD-Rietveld, SEM, and Archimedes porosity/density measurements.
Performance Evaluation: H3BO3 lowered optimal sintering temperature by 100–150℃, increasing glass phase content to 70% (vs. 40% without H3BO3). 3 wt% addition reduced open porosity from 24% to 15% at 1300℃ and formed boron-mullite solid solutions. XRD confirmed quartz/cristobalite dispersion in the glass matrix. Excess (5 wt%) H3BO3 caused rehydration and porosity increase. It enables energy-efficient ceramic production, ideal for tiles and refractories with enhanced microstructure homogeneity.