Hidayana, Acut Rahmatul, et al. Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi Reaksi 23.02 (2025): 27-37.
Bar shampoo formulations combining sodium cocoyl isethionate (SCI) as a mild surfactant and Eucheuma cottonii seaweed extract as an active ingredient were developed as environmentally friendly solid hair care products.
Experimental Protocol: SCI concentrations of 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, and 50% were combined with seaweed extract at 2%, 6%, 10%, 14%, and 18% in a 5×5 factorial design. The base formulation included stearic acid (10 g), cocoa butter (2.7 g), citric acid (2.5 mL), essential oils, and preservatives. Quality evaluation included pH measurement, moisture content by gravimetric method (105 °C), foam stability over time, organoleptic assessment by panelists, and skin irritation testing on 25 volunteers.
Performance Evaluation: All formulations yielded pH values of 5.5-6.33, meeting the SNI 06-2692-1992 standard range of 5-9. The highest moisture content (16.96%) was recorded at 30% SCI with 18% extract, while the lowest (5.26%) occurred at 50% SCI with 2% extract. Foam stability increased significantly with SCI concentration, reaching a maximum of 79.22% at 50% SCI with 2% extract, and decreased with higher seaweed extract content due to polysaccharide interference with foam film integrity. Organoleptic evaluation showed good panelist acceptance for color and texture, with the most intense yellow colors preferred. Irritation testing on 25 panelists revealed no serious adverse reactions; mild redness or itching in a few panelists was associated with low SCI and high extract formulations.
Dari, Carolina, et al. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 725 (2025): 137660.